Manaus is a city located in the North area of Brazil and capital of Amazonas, the largest Brazilian state. The name " Manaus " is originated from the tribe Manaós, that inhabited the area when of the Portuguese settlers' arrival. Its name means in its language " Mother of the God ". History Manaus began to be colonized in 1669, as a small one strong in stone and mud with four canyons keeping the curtains, called Fort of São José of Rio Black's Barra. It was its function to garnish the north part of the colony of Brazil in favor of the Portuguese, and it carried out it for 114 years. Close to the fort there were several indigenous tribes (Barés, Banibas, Passés and mainly the one of Manaós, that came to influence the name of the city later) and for influence of the Portuguese, they helped in the construction of the fort and they started to live in turn of him. The population formed by natives and whites grew so much that to help in the catequização of the Indians, in 1695 the Carmelite, Jesuits, mercedários and the Franciscans decided to raise a close chapel to the fort with the name of Our Lady of Conceição, that became the padroeira of the city later. The Royal Letter of March 3, 1755, created the Captaincy of São José of Rio Negro, with thirst in Mariuá (current Barcelos, close municipal district Manaus), but the Governor almada Wolf fearing Spanish invasions, it passed the thirst again for the Place of Barra in 1791, for locating in Rios Black's fork and Amazonas, that it was a strategic point. The thirst returns Mariuá in 1799 and in 1808 it passes definitively to the Place of Barra. On November 13, 1832, the Place of Barra passed the villa category, with the name of Villa of Manaus and on October 24, 1848, with the Law 145 of the Provincial Assembly Paraense, acquired the name of City of Rio Black's Barra. On September 4, 1856 Governor Herculano Ferreira Pena gives it finally the name of City of Manaus. Heraldry Adopted firstly by Adolpho Guilherme of Miranda Libôa, that now gives name to the market of the center histório, municipal superidentente at that time, the Shield was approved by Thaumaturgo Vaz through Ordinance-law on April 17, 1906. Now, in Mayor Serafim Corrêa's administration, it became adopted as only government symbol. The superior part of the Heraldry makes allusion a day in that then county stuck to the Proclamation of the Republic (November 21, 1889). To left superior it represents the encounter of the waters, with the representation of two small ships (bergantis "). It can still represent Rio Black's discovery, by Francisco Orellana, in the middle of the séc. XV. The right part superior represents the foundation of Manaus. The inferior part mentions to the golden period of the rubber. Fortaleza and the Flag, they represent the domain português´. It must observe, though, that at that time the flag of Portugal was not she drawn in the heraldry, this is of the current Portuguese Republic, at that time of the Monarchy the flag was with squared blue and white. The first foundations of the city are represented by the straw house and the two illustrations central fazme allusion to the peace celebrated between the settlers and the natives, with the a Portuguese official's marriage with a daughter of the boss of the tribe. Hymn of Manaus Letra: Th. Vaz. Music: Nicolino Milano. Dentre the pomp and Real amazes / of those beautiful and big panels, / All in light, as a sun appears and it shines / THE city of noble Barés. / Big and free, radiant and beautiful / he/she Has the flight of the real eagles / AND I to arise, to arise majestic / Already nor he/she sees its other rivals. / Who doesn't fight it doesn't expire, that the fight / For the good it is that makes to triumph! / Repair: the clarim is already listened! / It is the fame that comes to greet us! / To the small ones and the good ones, among flowers, / it Wraps up and he/she forgets about the bad, / Nobody suffers torments and pains / In this earth of noble Manaós. / The whole people are happy, he says the History, / When he sees him among endless joys, / THE progress to pass the glory close to / In its beautiful and gold cochim Entrance in Cabanagem THE entrance of the District of High Amazonas (today Manaus, which was the cradle of the manifesto in Western Amazônia) in the cabanagem it was fundamental for the birth of the current state of Amazonas. During the period of the revolution, the cabanos of Cormaca of High Amazonas if desbravaram for whole the space of the state where there was a populated inside of the limits of the for like this to get a larger number of followers to the movement. With that it happened an integration of the surrounding populations forming like this the state, thanks to Cabanagem. Ciclo da Borracha Ver artigo principal: Ciclo da borracha. In 1889, Manaus lived the cycle of the rubber intensely. Considered the developed Brazilian city and one of the most prosperous cities of the world, Manaus was the only city of the country to have electric light and system of water encanada and sewers. The acme of the cycle of the rubber and golden phase of Manaus gave him between 1890 and 1920, time that the city enjoyed technologies that other cities of the south of Brazil didn't still possess, such as electric bondes, avenues built on terrified swamps, imposing and luxurious buildings, as the perfected Teatro Amazonas, the Government's Palace, the Municipal Market and the building of the Customs. Today THE city rose in the year of 2004 to 8th position in Ranking of the Largest Brazilian Cities in population and to 4th position in Ranking of the richest cities of the brasil and he/she meets in a very big tourist level for its natural wealth that it attracts thousands of tourists, naturalists, researchers and journalists in search of a knowledge aprimorado of the area and of its colonization. Manaus also faces problems that are caraterísticos of great metropolises where the power public doesn't get to contain the migration and the swelling of the urban perimeter. The " Zona Franca " became the " Industrial Pole of Manaus " of the which differs the focus of fiscal incentives. Until the decade of 90 it was possible to buy electronic products for a very reduced price. From the migration for the industrial pole the focus became the export, and the internal sales he/she doesn't have significant decrease of price with relationship to other Brazilian cities. Even so the industries that are installed in Manaus, take advantage of the total exemption of some tributes that still conpensa factors logísticos. Surprisingly, the city of Manaus is known as a Metropolis, even so the city non conurba with any neighboring municipal district. The closest municipal districts of manaus are; Iranduba (about 22 Km of distance) Black Rio of Eva (About 60 Km of distãncia) President Figueiredo (107 Km of Distance) In the city of Manaus there are many neighborhoods as Plated, São Geraldo, Dom Pedro I and II Adrianópolis, [[Eldorado (Manaus)Eldorado] (New City) (], etc. Manaus and environment One of the largest attractiveness of Manaus is its geographical location: a great city built at full Amazon Forest. It is still possible to have access well to areas preserved of that bioma the few kilometers of the city. Different atmospheres found in Amazônia can be visited easily. Among them areas of forest of firm earth (forests didn't flood), várzea (forest alagável for white water) and igapó forests (forests flooded for black water). The growth of the city, however, it didn't come from any without the aparecimento or worsening problems. Manaus comes losing its green area more and more and, with that, an important sample of the great biodiversidade found in Amazônia. Among the main menaces he/she meets the loss or decrease of the few fragments of native forest in the urban area. That becomes still a subject more important taking into account the existence in the area of one of the threatened of primates species in Brazil, the sauim-of-coleira (bicolor Saguinus), species that only lives in the urban area of Manaus.