
Brasília is the capital of the República Federativa of Brazil, located in the territory of Distrito Federal. Inaugurated on April 21, 1960, for the then president Juscelino Kubitschek, being the third capítal of Brazil. Starting from this date the transfer of the main organs of the federal administration began for the new capital with the change of the powers Executive's headquarters, Legislative and Judiciary federal. In the last census accomplished by the IBGE (2000) a population of 2,05 million inhabitants was indicated, being 1,96 million in the urban area and about 90 thousand in the rural area. The last projections (IBGE 2004) they indicate that the total population is already in about 2,36 million inhabitants. It is placed in the Região Centro-Oeste. The plane urbanístico of the capital, well-known as " Pilot " Plan, it was done by the urbanista Lúcio Costa and many of its constructions were projected by the renowned I build Oscar Niemeyer Brasília it is formed by the North Wing, South Wing, Urban Military Section, Section of Garages and Shops, Section of Graphic Industries, Area of Camping site, Monumental Axis, Esplanade of the Ministries, South and North Section of Embassies, Vila Planalto, Farm of the Crooked, Vila Telebrasília, Section of areas Isolated North and sedia the three powers of the República Federativa of Brazil: Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. According to geographer Aldo Paviani, Brasília is constituted by the whole urban area of Distrito Federal, and not just the part tumbled by UNESCO or the central area, because the city is polinucleada, constituted by several administrative areas, so that the areas perífericas, like Ceilândia and Gama, among other, is articulated to the central ones, especially in the subject of the employment, and they cannot be understood as autonomous cities. From the first republican constitution a device that foresaw the change of the Federal Capital of Rio de Janeiro for the interior of the country already consisted. In the year of 1892, the Exploiting Commission of the Central Plateau of Brazil was named, led by astronomer Luiz Cruls and integrated by doctors, geologists and botanical, that made a rising on topography, the climate, the geology, the flora, the fauna and the material resources of the area of the Central Plateau. The area was well-known like Quadrilateral Cruls and it was presented in 1894 to the Governo Naturalidade Brasiliense it is the name that gives him to who was born in Brasília. Candango is the term dice to who lives in Brasília, but he/she was not born in the city. Now also it has been used by some brasilienses for if they identify. Of African origin, Candango means " ordinary ", bad ", and it was the denomination that gave him to the workers that participated in the construction of Brasília. Brasília is located for 15°50’16” south, 47°42’48” west to a height of 1050 to 1200 meters above the level of the sea. Its relief is in most plan, introducing some takes undulations. The climate is tropical of alternation altitude and altitude, with a humid and rainy summer and a dry winter. The annual medium temperature is of 19ºC, could arrive less than 07ºC at the 28ºC in the summer and the in the winter dawns, the coldest night of the year of 2006 was on June 09, the 3 and 55 of the morning made 7.8 degrees. Even so the temperature can vary in Distrito Federal, because unhappily the inmet only possesses recording bases in the plan-pilot's area and airport. it is very normal during the months of winter and autumn, in the Pick of Roncador, in the mountain of Sobradinho, to register negative temperatures, because the pick is inside the highest of Distrito Federal. He is more than 2.200 meters the above the level of the sea. The cold also prevails in the rural area and in the marges of rivers and lakes. The relative humidity of the air is of approximately 70%, could arrive at the 30% or less in the winter. Fauna predominantly typical of closed, in some places of the city it is possible we observe gimnospermas species (pine trees and also other types of coming trees of another Brazilian flora. The city was built estrategicamente in the Central Plateau, a vast area without great geographical accidents inside Brazil. Some reasons for its construction are outside displacement of the political center of the country of the axis Rio-São Paulo, incentive to the povoamento of the interior almost emptiness of the country and better strategic and military position of the capital. Brasília grew a lot since it was built. The city was projected to behave at the most 500.000 inhabitants, and today Distrito Federal, quadrilateral amid the plateau determined to shelter the city, already possesses more than 2,2 million people, with 1,5 million in the cities satellites and 600.000 inhabitants in Brasília. The largest reason for its superpovoamento is the fact of its economy to be intimately linked to the public power.
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