Fortaleza is a Brazilian city, capital of Ceará, a state native of northeastern Brazil. Its name has as reference to Strong Schoonenborch built by the Dutchmen during the occupation in 1649. Baptized of Blond desposada of the Sun, for the poet's Paula Ney verses, Fortaleza is the fourth largest capital of Brazil in population and an important industrial, commercial and tourist center of the Northeast. It is headquarters of the Bank of the Northeast and of DNOCS, besides being the Brazilian capital with the largest demographic concentration. The Metropolitan Area of Fortaleza has about 3.415.455 million inhabitants, being one of the 5 larger urban areas of Brazil. Its airport is the International Airport Pinto Martins. It is for him that you/they arrive the city the largest number of tourists than they enjoy Fortal, one of the largest micaretas of Brazil, that happens every year in the end of the vacations of July. The city is located in the coast of the State, to a medium altitude of 21 meters, and he/she is center of a municipal district of 313,8 area km² and 2.374.944 inhabitants (demographic density of 7.587,68 hab/km²). Its main soccer stadium is Castelão. It is the homeland of José of Alencar, Rachel of Queiroz and White Castello. The environment of Fortaleza has characteristics similar to the that happen in the whole coast of Brazil. The climate is interesting with temperature annual average of 27°C. The predominant vegetation is of it limps and sandbank tends the Ecological Park of Cocó as the largest green area of the city. Its relief has medium altitude of fifteen métros and the largest river is Cocó. Climate in spite of being inserted in the semi-arid climate, its location modifies this reality for being among close mountains doing with that the summer rains happen with more frequency in the city and I spill than in the rest of the State. The annual medium temperature is of 27ºC. The medium pluviométrica is approximately of 1400mm. Without having them very defined season, it is just had the rainy time, of January to June and the drought of July to December. With most of the sandy soil the agriculture becomes of little economic expression, and already in the decade of 1990 the whole extension of the municipal district urban area was considered. Vegetation The contrasts show the constructions in roxo or rosy clear, the roads in tones of dark blue, almost black, and the green areas. The róseo/vermelho tones are areas of dry climate (caatinga) - compatible Articulation with the scale 1:50.000 (IBGE) .A vegetation of Fortaleza is typically litorânea with swamp areas and sandbank. The sandbank areas meet in the proximities of the dunes to the south of the city and close to the mouth of the rivers Ceará, Cocó and Pacoti. In the beds of these rivers the predominant forest is the one of swamp. These forests are protected by law and they are constituted in the largest green area of the city. Unhappily those laws are not executed as they would owe and constantly it is possible to see new constructions close to Rio Cocó. Rio Cocó and its bed form the largest area of swamp of Fortaleza forming the " Park of Cocó ". They are 1.155,2 hectares of green area. In the satellite image to the side is the green stain in the area to the center-east of Fortaleza. To the north it is possible to see the Mouth of the river Cocó and to the south the area of Swamp of the river Pacoti. In the true of the city other areas no longer they exist more the typical vegetation of this area, being constituted of green forests of vegetation largely varied with fruitful trees. Hidrografia Rio Cocó desaguá in a growth of mangroves that creates one of the more beautiful ecological landscapes of FortalezaFortaleza has several ponds and rivers. Among the ponds the largest and more important are the one of Parangaba, known by its fair of varieties; the one of Messejana where meets the largest estátuda of Iracema of Fortaleza, and the one of Opaia, Maraponga and Porangabussu, that are important poles of lazer of the city. Fortaleza is cut by two rivers and some streams. The river Ceará ends at the beach of Barra of Ceará but it doesn't pass inside of Fortaleza. The river mark the emblem with the municipal district of Caucaia where the Area of Environmental Protection of Rio Ceará's Estuary exists with characteristics of Swamp. The river Maranguapinho is Rio Ceará's largest tributary. He/she is born in the Mountain of Maranguape, with extension of 34km of the which 17km are inside from Fortaleza. The stream Pajeú is historically the córrego in that settled the city. They remain only two true areas of margin of the river: the first behind the old headquarters of the City hall, in the center, and close Monday to the administration of the Camera of Directing Lojistas - CDL of Fortaleza. The river Cocó is the most important river of Fortaleza. Close to its mouth was created in 1989 and enlarged in 1993 the Ecological Park of Cocó. This is the more important green area of the city. One of its tributaries is the river Coaçu that drains the mouth of Cocó near. Coaçu makes the emblem of Fortaleza with Eusébio in an area in that the bed of the river forms the largest pond of Fortaleza, the pond of Precabura. The river Pacoti makes the emblem of Fortaleza with Aquiraz, the margins with its growth of mangroves form APA of the river today Pacoti. Seen of the Beach of coast MeirelesO of Fortaleza coast has a total extension of 34 Km with a total of 15 beaches. He/she has as limits the mouth of the rivers Ceará to the north and Pacoti to the south. Other rivers streams that drain in the healthy coast: Riacho Pajeú, Riacho Maceió and Rio Cocó. The Beach of Barra of Ceará is the beach that makes the limit of Fortaleza with the city of Caucaia. Located to the north he/she has that name for being the mouth of the river Ceará. The place has a lot of importance for the history of the city because it was the first place where the açoriano Pero Coelho of Sousa made a first incursion in 1603 building the Fortim São Tiago. The Beach of Iracema has one of the most agitated nights where there are many bars and some important historical buildings like São Pedro's Church, Estoril and Metallic Ponte besides art galleries and the Center Cultural Dragon of the Sea. It is also local of the surf practice and he/she fishes. In the Beach of Meireles it is where he/she meets the avenue " Beira Mar " that is going until Mucuripe. It is the main concentration of hotels of the city. The Nautical Club is an important mark of this beach. It happens in front of this club, everyday, the craft fair more acquaintance of the city. The Turn of Jurema is the place more nobleman of the coast of Fortaleza. Mucuripe is famous for Raimundo Fagner's composition that portrays the Raft and the jangadeiro and for its community of fishermen. Everyday, in the afternoon and of malice early, it is possible to see the departure and the arrival of the fishermen. He/she has a busy market of fish and shellfishes. In her the oldest statue of Iracema of the city also exists with Martim, inaugurated in 1965. Just after Mucuripe he/she has the Beach of Titãzinho that is famous for the practice of the surf that revealed talents as " Tita " and " Fabinho ". The Beach of the Future is one of the more visited by the tourists. he/she has a long extension occupied by many " huts " that are restaurants specialized in fruits of the sea. A typical event of Fortaleza is Caranqueijada everybody on Thursdays. History [to publish] First European Gravura attributed to Dutch Frans Post of Strong Saint Sebastião 1645O beginning of the occupation of the territory where today he/she meets Fortaleza it dates of the year of 1603, when Souza's Portuguese Pero Coelho contributed in Rio Ceará's mouth. In those margins it raised São Tiago's Little fort and he/she gave to the town the name of New Lisbon. Years later, with the objective of expelling Frenches of the coast of the northeast, more specifically in Maranhão, it arrived Portuguese Martins here Brunet Soares in 1613, when it recovered and it enlarged São Tiago's Little fort, and he/she gave to the new strong the name of Fort of São Sebastião. In 1637 there was the taking Dutchwoman of strong São Sebastião. In 1649 a new Dutch expedition in the State of Ceará built, to Rio Pajeú's margins, Strong Schoonenborch, beginning on that moment, the history of Fortaleza, being responsible for its beginning, the Dutch commandant Matias Beck. In 1654 the Dutchmen were expelled and the fort was rebaptized of Fortaleza of Our Lady of Assumption. In the year of 1699 a Royal Order of February 16 created the first villa in Ceará. This order didn't specify which the exact place of the new villa and that some villas were in dispute to be the headquarters of the district dentre them Aquiraz was who ended being recognized. With an attack of Indians to the villa of Aquiraz the villa of the fort ended up being the survivors' refuge and in 1726, the town of the fort was elevated to the villa condition. In 1759 Marquês of Pombal expels the Jesuits of Jesus' Company and the indigenous aldeamentos of Poramgaba and São Sebastião of Paupina, commanded by the Jesuits, they are respectively high the villa condition New Villa of Arroches and New Villa of Messejana. In the year of 1777 Captain-general José César of Menezes ordered to accomplish a census, that told a population of two thousand and eight hundred and seventy four inhabitants in the villa of Fortaleza. This year and the one of 1778 was of drought that almost decimated the whole bovine flock of the industry of charque of Ceará. The final blow in the charqueado went to drought that lasted from 1790 to 1794. In 1799 the County of Ceará is dismembered of the County of Pernambuco and Fortaleza Capital it is chosen. Demography Crescimento Populacional of Fortaleza Ano Inhabitants 1726 * 200 1777 2 874 1808 * 9 624 1813 12 810 1859 * 16 000 1865 19 264 1872 42 458 1887 * 27 000 1890 40 902 1900 48 369 1910 65 816 Year Inhabitants 1920 78 536 1930 126 666 1940 180 901 1950 270 169 1960 514 818 1970 842 702 1980 1 308 919 1990 1 766 794 2000 2 138 234 2005 2 374 944 2006 * 2 416 920 (*) Estimativa Fonte - IBGE One of the main causes of the demographic growth of Fortaleza along its history points for drought periods in the interior and escape for the city causing in the rural exodus as well as the search for better employment conditions and income. The population of the beginning of Fortaleza while administrative entity, villa in the times of the Brazil colony, it is esteemed in 200 inhabitants. The first point differing of the growth populacional of Fortaleza went in to decade between 1865 and 1872 when he/she had beginning the construction of the Highway of Iron of Baturité. For demanding a great labor the population of the city it grew with the economy. In 1877 vein the blow of the nature with the drought that made to migrate for Fortaleza and I spill a great amount of having flagellated. Migrations still repeated in the droughts of 1888, 1900, 1915 and 1932 among other droughts in the century XX. In 1922 Fortaleza it reached its first hundred of thousands of inhabitants with the annexation of the municipal districts of Messejana and Parangaba that today are important neighborhoods of the city. Parangaba was a city with a superior population to 20.000 inhabitants once it was the first station before Fortaleza, what made it to receive a great amount of retirantes of the droughts. In the First years of the Military Dictatorship there was in Fortaleza several changes that did of the city pole of industries. In Virgílio's Távora(1963-1966 first government) he/she had beginning the implantação of the Industrial District of Fortaleza - DIF I. One decade later Fortaleza already counted with almost 1 million inhabitants when then they were created in Brazil the Metropolitan Areas in 1973 and that Fortaleza started to constitute one. DIF I, in 1983 passed for the territory of the new municipal district of Maracanaú that so soon was servant it started to integrate RMF. In the decade of 1980 Fortaleza it surpasses Recife in terms populacionais and it becomes the second more populous city of the Northeast with 1.308.919 inhabitants. Along the last decades of the century XX the city went swelling more and more until reaching more than 2 million inhabitants in the year 2000. With a current population esteemed in 2.374.944 inhabitants and a density populacional of 7.587,68 inhabitants by square kilometer, Fortaleza is more populous of Brazil one of the capital ones.